mr. mustache bee

Hello!  I’m currently in the beautiful Sierras enjoying the sunny weather and having a wonderful time!  I’m teaching outdoor education lessons on insect pollinators so I went around the other day to capture some photos.  I just had to share this one with you because it is one of the cutest bees I have ever seen!  Look at his adorable mustache!

This little guy is the Ned Flanders of the bee world and if he doesn’t steal your heart, I don’t know what will.  Have you seen any pollinators flying around in your neighborhood recently?  Just think of all the amazing itsy bitsy facial hairdos that may be flying right before your very eyes!

spring has sprung – part 1

My recent trip to some of the European natural history collections was wonderful and extremely productive, but one of the best things about it was coming back to Berkeley where Spring was in full swing!  This time of the year is so gorgeous and I just had to go outside and take some pictures.  The following pictures show some of the beautiful flowers blooming in my neighborhood.

Aren’t they absolutely beautiful?!?  I’ll follow this post up with another one on the insects that were out and about during my walk around the neighborhood.  Cheers!

cal day 2012

Cal Day is the annual open house for the University of California, Berkeley where the university opens the campus to prospective students, alumni, and anyone else that’s interested.  There are numerous events to showcase the different departments and the research that is currently happening within them.  This year’s event happened a few weeks ago on April 21st.  Cal Day is one of my favorite days of the year since it combines some of my favorite things – insects, outreach, little ones, and craft time!

The Entomology club that I’m involved with teams up with members of the Essig Museum of Entomology to offer a range of activities to families.  There are live insect displays as well as what is termed the “oh my!” collection of preserved insects and other arthropods.  This collection showcases some of the most showy, beautiful, and bizarre insects.  My favorite, favorite part of Cal Day is talking to young children and their families about these insect displays.  Outreach and talking to people about how amazing insects are is one of my true passions (also one of the reasons I started this blog in the first place).

There are also several activities with an insect theme aimed towards younger audiences – arts and crafts, insect face painting, and bug hunts throughout the day.  Face painting is my favorite of these activities since it one of the few times of the year I get to pretend that I’m artistic in any way.  And no matter how crooked the butterfly might be on a child’s face, they absolutely love it!  I’m looking forward to this event again when it happens next year.  If you’re in the Berkeley area, make sure to come on by and see all the insect displays!

deep in craft comtemplation

…craft time is serious business

happy mother’s day

Happy mother’s day!  Thanks to all those moms who are always there for us through thick and thin – especially my mom!

The beetles exhibit some instances of parental care, but there are few that do so extensively (unlike some other insect groups like the roaches – yes, roaches are great moms!).  Here’s to the beetle families of note that provide excellent parental care – Silphidae, Erotylidae, and Scarabaeidae! Are there other beetle families with notable parental care?  I’m sure I’m missing some – hats off to all of you!

natural history museum – behind the scenes

There are over 70 million specimens in the Natural History Museum’s collection, 28 million of those are entomology specimens, and 8.5 million of those are beetle specimens.  My main reason for visiting the Natural History Museum was to consult their beetle collection and see the numerous type specimens of my beetles (read previous post for description of what a type specimen is).  The majority of specimens that I looked at were collected by George Charles Champion, an eminent English entomologist who specialized in Coleoptera.  He started collecting beetles at a young age and lived for several years in Guatemala.  He described over 4,000 new species and most of his beetle types are at the British Natural History Museum.  G.C. Champion has a special place in my heart because although he worked on many different beetle families, he seemed to especially like my family of interest – the Aderidae.  Not many are struck by these rather small, often brown beetles, but I’m tickled that Mr. Champion saw how fantastic they are.

The picture above shows the compactors that are used to store the insect drawers filled with specimens at the museum.  These specimens have been collected from around the world and include some from people who you might be familiar with, like Charles Darwin.  I didn’t actually get to see any Darwin collected specimens, but I know they exist…next time I’ll make sure to see them!

And this is a picture of my workspace at the Natural History Museum.  It generally sums up everything that I used while there – scope, specimens, computer, and coffee.  I had a really wonderful visit here and was able to meet several Coleopterists that I hadn’t met before.  Since this was the first museum on my European Coleop-tour I want to go back here as I was still figuring things out and was only able to spend a week.  Fingers crossed I’ll be back soon!

type, type, type

I began to write a post about my main reason for visiting European museums, but then realized that in order to do so, I should first explain what a type specimen is.  The main goal of my visit was to view, record, and even borrow some type specimens – but what exactly IS a type?  The type is generally a specimen that acts as the name holder for a certain species.  Okay……what the heck does that mean?

Let’s say that I want you to look at a small, brown beetle and tell me if it is actually the species Elonus basalis (one of my favorite beetles).  How would you know?  You could find and read the original description, you could find pictures that people have taken of that species, you could ask for someone’s help that may know what that species looks like.  But to truly understand what is meant by the name Elonus basalis, you should look at the type.  The type is the specimen that the original author was looking at when he or she described the species – it literally defines what that name refers to.

For my research, it is absolutely necessary to do this since very few researchers have looked at the particular beetle family that I’m interested in and since the original descriptions are not entirely explanatory.  Sometimes they are only a few words and there are no pictures.

Feel free to stop reading here if you are already bored.  But if this kind of thing interests you, then you are a dork like me and I invite you to read on.

There are actually two different categories of types – primary and secondary.  Primary types are the name holders and they come with a few different names:

Holotype: The one specimen that is the type that was referred to in the original description by the author.  Many old publications did not designate a specific specimen as the holotype, but if only one specimen was seen by the author, then that is the holotype.  This is known as holotype by monotypy.

Lectotype: The specimen that is the name holder – designated after the publication in which the species was described, usually by a separate author.  Lectotype designation now must be justified by the author so you can’t just go to a museum as I did and start turning specimens into lectotypes for seemingly no good reason.

Syntype:  A series of specimens that were viewed by the author when the species was described.  Often referred to as the syntype series, these specimens are often as close to a single type specimen as one can get.  In older publications many authors were not explicit regarding the numbers of specimens that they examined and designating a lectotype may range from difficult to impossible.

I won’t go into secondary types, but if you’d like to read all about them and more than you probably want to know about types, you can visit the code of zoological nomenclature.  Isn’t this fun?

the green zone, natural history musuem

During my visit at The Natural History Museum in London, the majority of my time was spent in the Green Zone.  The zone is actually a  mix of several areas: the central hall, minerals, fossil marine reptiles, creepy crawlies, birds, primates, and our place in evolution.  I’ll discuss the areas that I found most fascinating.

The central hall is beautiful just based on the architecture, which I briefly discussed in the previous post.  Plus “Dippy”, the Diplodocus skeleton, is placed front and center within the hall and is there to great you upon your arrival.  At the end of the hall there is a staircase with Charles Darwin’s statue sitting at the top.

Nearly five million people walk through this hall each year.  (Currently the museum is raising funds to renovate the central hall, so it may look quite different in a few years time.  I viewed the plans that the museum has for the hall and I think it will look even more impressive after renovations.)

The Fossil Marine Reptiles Gallery is to the right of the Central Hall in what is known as Waterhouse Way.  The hall includes one of the world’s most complete Ichthyosaur fossils, which was discovered by Mary Anning.  I do not have a strong paleontology background and had never heard of Mary Anning prior to my visit, but she is an interesting figure that appears quite inspirational, especially for female scientists.  If you’ve never heard of her, you should definitely research her history.  There are also fossil pregnant Ichthyosaurs – which is really neat to see!

The Primates section includes some interesting statues and also taxidermy animals.  My favorite was definitely the pygmy marmoset (seen in the top right picture above).  It is one of the world’s smallest mammals.  Itsy bitsy primates – it doesn’t get much better than that. This section is right next to the entrance of the Coleoptera research section, so I would pass by it every day.

The Creepy Crawlies section is devoted to arthropods, so you know that I spent a good amount of time here.  There’s a large display of a butterfly along with a caterpillar and cocoon that covers the topic of complete metomorphosis.  You can also watch leaf cutter ants work as they chop up pieces of vegetation and feed these to their fungus farm.  Their nest is cut away so that you can actually see the fungus within, which was pretty neat.  There are exhibits on household pests including termites and other exhibits on arachnids and crustaceans.  To be completely honest, though this should have been my favorite section, I found it underwhelming.  The format is geared towards a younger audience, which is fine, but I was really missing insect displays.  I think that both adults and children can take awe in a really beautifully put together insect display.  According to the Central Hall’s upcoming renovation outline, the museum actually plans to implement something along these lines, which makes me incredibly happy!  I think the rest of the displays in the museum are really beautiful and really inspiring, especially to a younger audience.  The museum has one of the best insect collections in the world and I hope that they soon display more of these wonders to inspire the next generation of entomologists!

This is just a quick sampling of all there is to see within the Green Zone.  And, of course, the rest of the museum as well.  I absolutely recommend stopping by the museum if you are ever in London.  The building itself is absolutely beautiful, the displays are well put together – some breathtaking, and you can wander in at any time without any admission costs so you can stay for five minutes or five hours.  I hope you’ve enjoyed this brief tour and are inspired to visit a natural history museum where you live!